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integratedcircuit
Electroniccircuitsonchipsfabricatedwithphotolithography
Integratedcircuit(English:integratedcircuit,abbreviatedasIC;German:integrierterSchaltkreis),ormicrocircuit(microcircuit),microchip(microchip),chip(chip),inelectronicsisacircuit(mainlyincludingsemiconductors)devices,includingpassivecomponents,etc.)areconcentratedonthesurfaceofasemiconductorwaferinaminiaturizedway.
Commonlyusedtranslationsof"integratedcircuit"
Integratedcircuitonmicrochip.jpg
IntegratedcircuitofIntel486DX2processorunderelectronmicroscope
Theaforementionedintegratedcircuitinwhichthecircuitisfabricatedonthesurfaceofasemiconductorwaferisalsocalledathin-filmintegratedcircuit.Anothertypeofthick-film(thick-film)integratedcircuit(hybridintegratedcircuit)istheintegrationofseparatesemiconductordevicesandpassivecomponentsintoAminiaturizedcircuitcomposedofasubstrateorcircuitboard.
Fieldeffectpictureofcarbonnanotubemicrocomputerchipunderelectronmicroscope
Basedonthenumberofmicroelectroniccomponentsintegratedonawafer,integratedcircuitscanbedividedintothefollowingcategories:
Smallintegratedcircuit(SSIEnglishfullnameSmallScaleIntegration)haslessthan10logicgatesorlessthan100transistors.
MediumScaleIntegratedCircuit(MSIEnglishfullnameMediumScaleIntegration)has11~100logicgatesor101~1ktransistors.
Largescaleintegratedcircuit(LSIEnglishfullnameisLargeScaleIntegration)101~1klogicgatesor1,001~10ktransistors.
Verylargescaleintegratedcircuit(VLSIEnglishfullnameisVerylargescaleintegration)1,001~10klogicgatesor10,001~100ktransistors.
Verylargeintegratedcircuit(ULSIEnglishfullnameUltraLargeScaleIntegration)has10,001~1Mlogicgatesor100,001~10Mtransistors.
GSI(EnglishfullnameGigaScaleIntegration)hasmorethan1,000,001logicgatesormorethan10,000,001transistors.
Andaccordingtodifferentprocessingsignals,itcanbedividedintoanalogintegratedcircuits,digitalintegratedcircuits,andmixed-signalintegratedcircuitsthatcombinebothanaloganddigital.
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